Among the various parameters of the SSD, the system compatibility index cannot be quantified, and it is the most inconvenient and most easily overlooked. However, it is undeniable that, in addition to performance power consumption and reliability issues, the most troublesome problem in practical applications is the system compatibility problem. The performance of the disk is not recognized in some scenarios, it is not compatible with certain types of motherboards, and the operating system cannot be compatible. And other issues. From the user's point of view, the reliability of the performance and power consumption of the SSD is designed to be good, and the transcripts that are tested out are beautiful, but the compatibility of the system is poor. Even if the disk is placed on a computer, it will become a brick. It looks like a beautiful vase. Unavailable. So gradually users began to pay attention to system compatibility issues, so in the early introduction of SSD with a relatively strong test coverage to verify and observe system compatibility.
The technical compatibility issues are categorized as:
The BIOS is compatible with the operating system: After the SSD is powered on, the host BIOS starts its own self-test and interacts with the SSD as the first layer of software: The first step is to link to the SSD, and the SATA and PCIe go through different links of the underlying link. NegoTIate) to the correct speed (of course different interfaces have compatibility issues), since the host and SSD connection is successful, the next step is to issue a command to identify the disk (such as SATA IdenTIfy) to read the basic information of the disk, including: Part number, FW version number, product version number and other basic information, information format and correctness of the data the BIOS will verify, then the BIOS will go to the next step to read the disk other information such as SMART, until the BIOS finds the main on the hard disk The boot record MBR, load the MBR, and then the MBR starts to read the hard disk partition table DPT, find the partition boot record PBR in the active partition, and hand over the control right to the PBR... Start the data read-write function of the SSD to complete the final OS load. After completing all these steps, it indicates that the BIOS and OS are successfully loaded on the SSD. If any step occurs, the SSD interaction fails and the system fails to start. An error window or blue screen is displayed.
For the SSD, the function is tested by the white box black box, and the test is passed. However, the above-mentioned load initialization procedure combined with the specific BIOS and OS version is not covered by the test, and the SSD device may fail to be loaded. The above is one of the test coverages for system compatibility testing.
Since there are too many motherboard models and version numbers in the real world, a well-compatibility SSD needs to run on these hosts. Test
From a trial perspective, system compatibility certification includes:
l OS types (Windows, Linux) and various versions of OS
l Motherboard CPU North and South Bridge chipset models (Intel, AMD), version
l BIOS version
l Special application types and versions (performance BenchMark tool, Oracle database...)
Electrical signal compatibility, hardware compatibility: refers to the non-steady state of the electrical signal provided by the SSD in the host, such as jitter, poor signal integrity, but still within the scope of the specification error, SSD's own hardware design power regulator, interface signal integrity design Still can work normally, the data can be received and dispatched correctly, even in the high and low temperature, electromagnetic interference environment, the hardware design is sufficiently robust (Robust).
Fault-tolerant processing: error processing is related to hardware and software. Fault tolerance of the system refers specifically to host-side error conditions. If the SSD disk fails to interact with the host, it must not be a brick. Of course, the SSD can be fault-tolerant and return an error status to the host. It is better to provide enough logs to help the host software and hardware developers debug. Errors here include: data CRC errors on the interface bus, packet loss, data command format errors, command parameter errors, and so on.
In order to better improve the system compatibility of SSDs, the design of a fault-tolerant module, the understanding of system characteristics, the accumulation of experience, and the addition of system compatibility test coverage from the design point of view are all means and methods for improving the compatibility of SSD systems. However, judging from past experience, system compatibility focuses on the understanding of all aspects of the host system. This needs to be accumulated. The Thunder must always be flawed, and the past becomes an experience. These are not textbooks or books. have witnessed.
The last thing to say is that SSD system compatibility is one of SSD's core competencies, which cannot be ignored.
Interface morphology
SSD Interface Form Factor English is SSD Form Factor. Since SSD is a standard part, it must meet a certain interface size and electrical characteristics, and it is easy to unify and deploy at the application level. Therefore, manufacturers and standards organizations to formulate Form Factor specifications, SSD manufacturers and System providers to comply.
Figure 1-1 Various types of SSDs
According to different SSD applications, whether it is an enterprise-class or consumer-level SSD, the Form Factor size is not the same.
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