Urban street lamps are one of the elements of the city. While meeting the road lighting, the city has been illuminated, the city image has been beautified, and the urban environment has been improved. With the economic development and the improvement of people's living standards, China's urbanization process is developing rapidly, a large number of infrastructures are being put into construction, and the number of new roads and lighting projects is increasing day by day. Currently, high-pressure sodium lamps are used in urban road lighting, and lighting management departments are also actively adopting road lighting energy-saving. Measures, but the energy consumption of road lighting systems in China is still relatively large. Under the premise of meeting traffic safety and urban beautification, carrying out energy-saving and consumption-reducing work of road lighting systems and promoting the concept of “green lighting†has become a topic of great concern to governments at all levels. First, the status quo of urban street lamp energy saving measures
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At present, there are many kinds of light sources used in urban road lighting in China, which are related to the size of the city and the location of the area, economic development level, population and other factors. According to statistics, in urban road lighting, high-pressure sodium lamps are the main road and square lighting. For lighting tools, high-pressure sodium lamps are used as the light source, accounting for more than 70%. In view of the use principle and structural characteristics of high-pressure sodium lamps, as well as conventional use, the street lamp research and management department has adopted a series of use management and technical management measures, which have played a certain role in extending the service life and energy saving of street lamps.
1, street lamp use management energy saving measures
A measure of the number of street lights used for lighting requirements for different time periods, that is, the midnight light measures, the energy saving effect of this measure is directly effective.
2. Technical energy-saving measures for street light source structure
A street lamp system consists of a light pole, a light fixture, a light source, a ballast, and a control switch. High-pressure sodium lamp is the main source of urban street lighting. Ballast is an important part of high-pressure sodium lamp. It reduces the power consumption of the ballast, improves the working efficiency of the ballast and comprehensive technical indicators, and achieves the energy-saving efficiency of the high-pressure sodium lamp. Very important role. Technical measures for energy saving of high pressure sodium lamp ballasts include capacitive compensation energy saving and voltage regulation energy saving.
3. Intelligent control of energy saving measures
The working principle of the intelligent street lamp control measure is: collecting environmental information, a microcomputer calculates the corresponding street lamp target output power, and an actuator regulator voltage regulator realizes dimming. According to the acquisition of time and space parameters, the microcomputer control system is used to compare the output and input voltage signals in real time and compare with the optimal lighting voltage. By calculating the automatic control actuator, the position of the autotransformer tap is adjusted to make the street lamp input power and actual illumination. Require the best match for the best illuminance. This measure is technically more advanced and the energy saving effect is more effective. This measure not only saves energy, but also stabilizes the voltage and extends the service life of the street lamp.
Second, the advantages of LED light source analysis
At present, in the urban lighting system, a reasonable and recommended electric light source is selected, and according to the specific conditions of the local society, a street lamp control system suitable for local economic development and social activities is adopted, which plays an important role in energy saving, reducing operating costs. positive effects. However, China's lighting power consumption is large, and it is still an important area for energy conservation and consumption reduction. The energy saving potential of existing urban street lighting systems is limited, so instead of selecting a new electric light source, energy saving can be achieved more effectively. With the gradual solution of the heat dissipation of LED lamps, overcoming the design and cost of point light sources, LED lamps have been used as urban street lighting, and their advantages have been highlighted. They are being used in new road lighting and street lighting renovations. Through the trial situation of LED street lighting in various places, the energy saving effect is remarkable, and the running cost is greatly reduced.
1. Comparison and analysis of energy saving of LED street lamps relative to high pressure sodium lamps
The high-pressure sodium light line is dispersed, and the light field distribution is a center-shaped round spot shape. A large amount of energy is wasted at the center of the street lamp and the outside of the road, and the utilization rate is low. At present, the new LED street lamp adopts an advanced light distribution design to effectively control the distribution of light and has high utilization rate.
The high-pressure sodium lamp has a luminous efficiency of about 120 lm/w (lumen per watt), but since the light of the high-pressure sodium lamp is divergent on all sides, it must be reflected by the luminaire to reach the road surface. Due to the high temperature of the sodium lamp, the reflector design is difficult. And the efficiency is low, so the light energy loss of the lamp itself is up to 35%. In addition, the light coming out from the lamp can not reach the road surface, and part of the light is irradiated to the area outside the road surface. The light energy actually used by the road surface only accounts for the total light of the sodium lamp. 30% of the energy, that is, the light energy efficiency (application light efficiency) finally used by the road surface is 361m/W. The luminous efficiency of LEDs is currently at a level of lO01m/W. The LED is unidirectional and is a cold light source. It can be ideally distributed to the road surface by using a high-efficiency plastic lens. Usually, the luminaire is 90% efficient, and the light energy efficiency is finally utilized by the road surface (applying light efficiency). It is 811m/W. The light effect analysis of different light sources is as follows: high pressure sodium lamp: 120×30%=361m/W LED lamp: 100X81%=811m/W It can be seen that the luminous efficacy of the LED lamp is 56% higher than that of the high pressure sodium lamp. The technical parameters of LED street light and high pressure sodium lamp street light are compared as shown in the following table.
Table 1 Comparison of technical parameters of LED street light and high pressure sodium lamp street light
2, the characteristics of high-power LED street lights
LED light source has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, good monochromaticity, soft light, high luminous efficiency and no heat radiation. In addition to the characteristics of the above-mentioned general LED street lights, high-power LED street lights have the following characteristics:
(1) High photoelectric conversion rate
The high-power LED light source is a low-voltage microelectronic product with high photoelectric conversion efficiency. According to the literature, under the same brightness, LED lamps consume only one-tenth of the energy of incandescent lamps, one-third of fluorescent lamps, and the lifetime is 50 times that of incandescent lamps and 20 times that of fluorescent lamps.
(2) High light utilization rate
The illumination angle of the LED is usually less than 180 degrees, and the LED light source can be designed as a directional light source according to the needs. The light emitted by the light source can be directly hitting the ground, and the light emission efficiency of the lamp is high. When the design is reasonable, the light of the lamp is emitted. The efficiency can even reach ~iJ90% or more.
(3) Low initial illumination design
Due to the short life of the existing street lamps and the large light decay, the initial illumination design value is generally higher in order to achieve normal lighting effects during the three-year use period. In the same period of use, the LED light source has almost no attenuation. Except for the light decay caused by the pollution of the lamp, the initial illumination and the illumination maintenance value are basically the same, which further reduces the power requirement of the lamp.
(4) High power efficiency
In terms of power efficiency, the power loss of the commonly used high-pressure sodium lamp ballast is 20%, which means that the actual power consumption of a 250W high-pressure sodium lamp is 300W. The efficiency of the LED street light switch power supply can be more than ~190%, and the actual power consumption of a 100W LED street light is only 110W.
(5) Safe, reliable and long service life
LED is an illuminator made of solid semiconductor chip as a luminescent material. It has low voltage, low heat, touch, can withstand high-strength mechanical shock and vibration, is not easily broken, and is light in weight, easy to install and maintain. It has many advantages such as green environmental protection and long service life.
III. LED green lighting case analysis
1. Analysis of energy saving effect
According to the data of the trial operation of the LED street lamp in a certain city, the actual running power of the LED street lamp is increased by 10% compared with the power of the lamp, and the actual operating power of the high-pressure sodium lamp is increased by 30% compared with the power of the lamp. Before the transformation, the high-pressure sodium lamp was 10067ç›, the total power was 2525.2kW, the LED lamp was 9068ç› after transformation, and the total power was 979.08kW. The actual operating power was: high pressure sodium lamp: 2525.2×1.3=3282.7kW, LED lamp: 979.08×1.1=1077kW, according to The current operation of the street lamps in the city, the average daily running time of street lamps is 11 hours, and the annual operation is 365 days. After the transformation, the power saving is: (3282.7—1077.0)×11×365=885.67 million degrees, and the energy saving effect after transformation is 67.1%. .
2. Analysis of economic benefits
Through the implementation of street lamp energy-saving renovation, the average price of electricity costs is 0.844 yuan / kwh, the power-saving part can save operating costs as follows: the year before the transformation needs to pay electricity costs 3282.7 × 11 × 365 × 0.844 / 10000 = l1l2 million yuan after the transformation needs to pay electricity costs 1077 × 11 × 365 × 0.844 / 10000 = 3.65 million yuan, saving electricity costs of 7.47 million yuan before and after the transformation.
3. Analysis of emission reduction effects
Energy-saving renovation of street lamps can effectively save electricity for road lighting, thereby saving power consumption and burning coal, and playing a positive role in reducing pollutant emissions such as CO:, SO:, NO, soot and ash. According to NREL (Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States), the current CO: emission index of thermal power plants is about 0.75kg/kW·h, and the emission indices of SO and NOx are about 0.006kg/kW·h and 0.0045kg/kW. · h; According to the data released by the Statistics and Information Department of the China Electricity Council, the national coal consumption standard coal consumption is 350g/kW·h.
In this case, the average annual electricity consumption for road lighting is about 8.856 million kW·h, which is calculated based on 350 grams of standard coal. This case can save 2803.5 tons of standard coal per year, which is about 3924.8 tons of raw coal. 10,000 cubic meters of soot per ton of coal, 3,300 cubic meters of waste gas (mainly carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc.), according to the current coal-fired electricity accounted for 65% of the total power generation, the annual emission of 25.51 million cubic meters of smoke, 841.9; - cubic meters of exhaust gas. Similarly, compared with the average energy consumption and emissions of thermal power plants, after the completion of this case, it is expected to reduce CO24317.3 tons, SO234.5 tons and NOx25.9 tons per year, which has good emission reduction benefits.
4. Analysis of the promotion effect of street lighting green lighting
According to the literature, at present, there are about 4 million street lamps in about 660 cities in China. According to the most commonly used indicators of high-pressure sodium lamps, 50% of them can be converted into green lighting, and 2 million can be modified. Case calculation, transformation of 10,000 roads, annual energy saving of 8.856 million degrees, saving electricity costs of 7.47 million yuan, reducing dust emissions of 25.51 million cubic meters of soot, exhaust gas of 8.419 million cubic meters. Therefore, if the green lighting renovation of street lamps is carried out nationwide, the annual energy saving will be 177.12 billion kWh, the dust and dust will be reduced by 51.022 billion cubic meters, and the emission of exhaust gas will be reduced by 1,683.8 billion cubic meters. The energy saving and emission reduction effect is remarkable.
In summary, the LED street lamp has the characteristics of high photoelectric conversion rate, high utilization rate of light, high power use efficiency, high reliability, and long service life. Considering all aspects, the luminous efficacy of LED lamps can be increased by about 56% compared with high-pressure sodium lamps. The replacement of the commonly used high-pressure sodium lamps with LED lamps for streetlight transformation has become an important development direction of lighting energy conservation in China. The LED streetlight renovation project carried out in a certain city has a good energy-saving effect, and the demonstration effect is obvious. If it can be promoted nationwide, it will make a greater contribution to China's energy conservation and emission reduction targets.
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