Electronic crossover is a kind of crossover. The main function is to set the frequency of the signal part. Today we will understand the function of the electronic crossover and the operation of the crossover.
Electronic crossoverElectronic crossover is also called active electronic crossover. The main function is to set the frequency of the signal part. For the relatively complete and huge structure of the system, it can be said to be a very basic equipment, active The principle of the electronic crossover is to transmit the appropriate frequency signal to the appropriate monomer, because the current speaker unit cannot achieve the full frequency 20-20000Hz output of the unit, so we can only divide the unit into several parts The frequency bands are then chained together. Passing the appropriate frequency to the appropriate monomer can protect the monomer and effectively use the power. Each monomer has its suitable frequency band. If each monomer is given to it The signal at the full frequency may cause damage to the single unit, and power will also be wasted.
The crossover slope of the electronic crossover has two types: the first-order -6dB/Oct and the second-order crossover slope of -12dB/Oct. The so-called crossover slope refers to the degree of frequency extension after truncation from the natural attenuation of the sound after the crossover point is set. The lower the slope, the longer the extension, and vice versa.
The active crossover cuts the signal before the post-amplifier, and the passive crossover cuts the signal after the power amplifier. Therefore, the active crossover is also more efficient in power utilization and adjusts the frequency accurately. In terms of the output voltage of the active crossover, most of them can have a 5V voltage output, which is the same concept as the current high-end mainframe 4V output, which can achieve better signal loss and greater dynamics.
Crossover functionThe "function and purpose" of the passive crossover is between the amplifier and the speaker. Since a single speaker cannot achieve the "full frequency response" (the full frequency band is 20HZ-20KHZ, which is the hearing range of the human ear), the single speaker size is used Different physical bandwidth response to achieve the required "full-band response" purpose, and therefore produced a way of using multiple sizes of monomers on the same channel. The passive microphone function is responsible for dividing the full frequency band of the amplifier into sounds of different frequency bands, and sending them to the speakers of different sizes to show their due characteristics. The resulting multi-channel speaker combination or "crossover horn" has its uses and multiple choices from one-channel car horns to multi-channel speakers.
Electronic crossover classification1. Active crossover
It is also called an active crossover network, because the space in the car is limited, so there will be factors that cannot be changed in actual operation, and the flexible characteristics of electronic crossovers can achieve the best in various segments. The ideal frequency band adjustment is used to overcome the changing factors in the car and achieve the purpose of the best listening environment in the car. It is installed between the car host and the amplifier. The active electronic crossover can be divided into several sound path types, but the divided audio signals may not all pass through the amplifier, but the more the sound path is divided, the amplifier Will increase accordingly. Its advantage is that it can increase the dynamic range, improve the performance, so that the subwoofer can get the best power and it is not easy to be controlled between the monomers.
2. Passive crossover
Also known as a passive crossover network, it consists of many components: L inductor, C capacitor, and R resistor. They are a flexible application of the characteristics of frequency division on passive crossover networks. Therefore, it is a complicated task.
There are four most commonly used slopes of passive crossovers: first-order slope 6dB, second-order slope 12dB, third-order slope 18dB, and fourth-order slope 24dB. The advantage of the passive crossover is that it can be used as an independent individual in the multi-channel system, and the change of each component can directly affect its characteristics
How to operate the crossoverGenerally, the electronic crossovers sold on the market are divided into 12dB, 18dB, 24dB, which are also divided into high-pass and low-pass 2-channels, the front and rear two high-pass 2-channels with each low-pass, and the high-, medium-, and low-pass 3-channels. Sound path. The higher the dB, the higher the grade, the cleaner the frequency comes out of the speaker, the less the overlap, the smaller the slope, the higher the dB, the faster the frequency speed, and the speaker can withstand more power, which is helpful to height For example, if we have a speaker with a low-dB crossover, its tail frequency will be very long. Those unwanted tail frequencies on the speaker are not filtered out, so they need the power of the power amplifier to promote. The beating of the speaker is not so accurate, the slope is also large, and the power is wasted.
Passive crossovers use parts to change the crossover point of the frequency. If you make a standard crossover for this single unit, other units may not be suitable. Active crossovers do not have this problem here. . But we must pay attention to the car itself is also a speaker, there are also disassembly problems, phase problems, etc., so the higher the dB, the less ideal, the whole system is installed in the car, and the sound comes out with the level of dB to match the high, medium, and Low frequency, sometimes the treble will use 18dB, midrange 6dB, and bass 12dB to make the entire sound field perfect. There is a champion car in the United States. Its bass is a crossover point of 100HZ12dB, and high pass is a crossover point of 400HZ6dB. Use a spectrum analyzer ( RTA) The test frequency is very average.
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