introduction
Copper platoons, also known as copper busbars or copper busbars, are long conductors made of copper and have a rectangular or chamfered (rounded) rectangular cross section (now rounded copper bars are used to avoid tip discharge). The circuit functions to carry current and connect electrical equipment.
Copper platoon is a kind of high current conductive product, suitable for high and low voltage electrical appliances, switch contacts, power distribution equipment, busway and other electrical engineering, and is also widely used in metal smelting, electroplating, chemical caustic soda and other super-current electrolysis smelting projects. The electrician copper row has the advantages of low resistivity and large bendability. Copper platoons are widely used in electrical equipment, especially in power distribution units. The copper platoon has a wide range of applications. This paper mainly describes the detection of the width, thickness and thickness of the copper strip.
1, width measuring thickness gauge
The wide gauge is a device that uses two sets of photoelectric probes to simultaneously detect the width and thickness.
1.1, measurement principle
The emitting lens has a point light source built in, and the light emitted by the point source passes through the emitting lens to form a parallel light field of view. The parallel light is directly directed to the receiving lens, is focused by the lens system in the receiving lens, and is imaged on the CCD chip (ie, the receiving unit) through the aperture in the focus position. When the object in the field of view passes through the object to be measured, the portion of the object to be shielded will form a clear shadow on the CCD chip. The width W and the thickness H of the strip can be measured by the length L of the shadow, respectively. The CCD chip is a photoelectric conversion element in the probe component that converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal. The electrical signal is received and amplified by the signal acquisition circuit, and then digitized and transmitted to the MCU for calculation.
1.2, control
The RS422 or RS485 standard industrial interface is used between the wide gauge and the industrial computer to shield the cable transmission. The wide gauge system can output 0~10V analog voltage signal, which is used to control the speed of the extrusion or traction motor, so as to control the width and thickness. When the measurement data is out of tolerance, the system controls the sound and light alarms at the same time, and the sound and light alarm is installed on the main control cabinet.
2, the installation location
The width measuring thickness gauge system is mainly composed of two measuring thickness gauges, small control cabinets, embedded industrial computer, alarm unit and communication unit.
The whole system is installed on the site of the copper bus production line. Two measuring width gauges are installed in the front and rear position of the extruder. The main control cabinet and the industrial computer can be placed in an excellent environment where the temperature and moisture are less affected.
Both the width gauge and the main control cabinet are mounted on height-adjustable mounts with a height adjustment range of 740mm to 1030mm (can be customized according to user requirements). The center height of the width gauge can be adjusted to the optimum measurement position. The three-core power supply line and one data line are connected between the wide gauge and the main control cabinet. The supply and power-off of the wide gauge is realized by the main control cabinet through the power line, and the data of the wide gauge is measured. The signal is transmitted to the industrial computer through the data line for complex operations.
3, interlock control mode
In the system measurement, the two width gauges measure the width and thickness of the copper strip and the width and thickness of the copper strip, and according to the width and thickness of the copper strip, the width and thickness of the copper strip and the set standard. The width and thickness of the copper strip are compared and calculated to determine the PID adjustment analog quantity. The calculation process is:
(1) Measure the width and thickness of the encapsulated copper strip by the width of the thickness gauge K1, H1
(2) Measure the width and thickness of the copper strip by measuring the thickness gauge and thickness K2, H2
(3) Calculate the width of the encapsulation: K=(K1-K2)/2
Calculate the thickness of the rubber: H = (H1-H2) / 2
Based on the real-time width K and thickness H, the standard width value and thickness value are compared. If there is a difference, the extruder is controlled by the control circuit to obtain a new width value and thickness value. The loop is reciprocated to form a closed loop control until the width and thickness of the product reach the standard required value.
4, width, thickness detection
If the thickness of the copper strip four bread glue is strictly controlled, and the rubber eccentricity is serious, the thickness of the four sides can be measured separately by using the laser thickness measurement and the width measuring principle, so that the rubber eccentricity can be avoided, and the measurement can be performed online.
Conclusion
After the actual use of the copper row width gauge, the effect is two, the repeat performance is also better, the error than the manual measurement is significantly reduced, the width gauge is measured quickly, can be used in the production of copper bars, can be measured Its width value and thickness value, and the use of two linkages, can detect the thickness of the rubber, and can also control the size by controlling the speed of the tractor or extruder. It is a convenient, fast and high-precision online testing device, which greatly improves the quality of copper bars.
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit refers to an integrated circuit specifically designed to perform a specific computing task. It is very common to use ASIC for mining in the field of blockchain. This article will analyze the principle of ASIC mining and why it should be anti-ASIC.
For Bitcoin, mining has gone through four stages: CPU, GPU, FPGA and ASIC. GPU is naturally suitable for parallel simple operations, so the execution of SHA256 is much higher than the CPU. FPGA is a programmable hardware, because it has a certain degree of universality, so the unit price will be relatively expensive. ASIC has a large initial design investment, but the unit price will be cheaper after mass production. Therefore, if you can determine that the market size is relatively large, the use of ASIC technology will be the most cost-effective.
This is the basic principle of ASIC.
In a nutshell, mining is running complicated calculations in the search for a specific number. Whether it`s an ASIC miner or a GPU mining rig, mining hardware must run through many calculations before finding that number. In proof of work systems like Bitcoin, the first one to find that number gets a reward - at the time of writing, 12.5 Bitcoins worth around $96,850. That reward will fall to 6.25 Bitcoins in May 2020.
There are so many people and powerful computing systems trying to mine Bitcoin that miner groups form to find that number and share the profit. Even more, the faster your hardware, the more you earn. That`s why people who can afford it opt for ASIC miners because it gives them the greatest chance of earning cryptocurrency in exchange for their investment.
Each cryptocurrency has its own cryptographic hash algorithm, and ASIC miners are designed to mine using that specific algorithm. Bitcoin ASIC miners are actually designed to calculate the SHA-256 hash algorithm. In the case of Litecoin, it uses Scrypt. That means technically they could mine any other coin that`s based on the same algorithm, though typically, people who buy ASIC hardware designed for Bitcoin mine that specific digital currency.
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