In the mechatronic system, the sensor is the first system, its function is equivalent to the system receptor, can quickly and accurately obtain information and can withstand the harsh environmental test, is a high level of guarantee for the mechatronic system. In the absence of these sensors, the system status and accurate and reliable automatic detection of information, the system's information processing, control decisions and other functions can not be discussed and implemented.
First, the research status and development of sensorsThe sensor is a device or device that can sense the specified measurement and convert it into an available output signal according to a certain rule. It is mainly used to detect the mechatronic system itself and the operation object and the working environment state, and provides a necessary control for effectively controlling the operation of the mechatronic system. Related information. With the expansion of human knowledge and space, the variety of electronic information is increasing, the speed of information transmission is increasing, the information processing capability is increasing, and the corresponding information collection-sensing technology will also be developed, and sensors will be ubiquitous.
Since the 1980s, a "sensor fever" has been gradually established around the world, and advanced industrial countries attach great importance to sensing technology and sensor research, development and production. Sensing technology has become an important modern technology field, and the production of sensors and their systems has become an important emerging industry.
Second, the application of sensors in mechatronic systemsThe sensor is one of the important technologies for the development of left and right mechatronic systems (or products) and is widely used in various automation products:
1. Robot sensor.
The reason why industrial robots can operate accurately is because it can accurately sense the state of itself, the operating object and the working environment through various sensors, including: the acquisition of its own state information through internal sensors (position, displacement, speed, acceleration, etc.) To complete, the perception of the operating object and the external environment is achieved by external sensors, a process that is important enough to provide feedback for robot control.
2. Sensing detection technology for machining processes.
(1) Sensing technology for the cutting process and the machine running process. The purpose of the sensing process in the cutting process is to optimize the productivity of the cutting process, the manufacturing cost or the resection rate of the (metal) material. The target of sensing in the cutting process is the cutting force and its change during the cutting process, the chattering during the cutting process, the contact between the tool and the workpiece, the state of the chip during cutting and the identification of the cutting process. The most important sensing parameters are cutting force. Vibration during cutting, acoustic emission during cutting, power of motor during cutting, etc. For the operation of the machine tool, the main sensing targets include drive system, bearing and swing system, temperature monitoring and control, and safety. The sensing parameters include machine downtime and surface roughness of the workpiece. And processing accuracy, power, machine state and flow rate of cooling lubricant.
(2) Process sensing of the workpiece. Compared with tool and machine tool process monitoring technology, process monitoring of workpieces is the earliest and most research and application. Most of them target the quality control of workpiece processing. Since the 1980s, workpiece identification and workpiece mounting pose monitoring requirements have also been mentioned on the agenda. Roughly speaking, the process identification is a process for identifying whether the executed machining process is a machining requirement of the workpiece (zero); the workpiece identification is to identify whether the workpiece to be processed into the machine tool or the blank is a workpiece or blank to be processed, and also It is required to identify whether the pose of the workpiece installation is the pose required by the process specification. In addition, workpiece identification and workpiece mounting monitoring can be used to sense machining margins and surface defects of the blank or workpiece to be machined. Completing these identification and monitoring will employ or develop many sensors, such as TV or CCD based machine vision sensors, laser surface roughness sensing systems, and the like.
(3) Tool (detection and sensing of grinding wheel. Cutting and grinding process is an important material removal process. Tool and grinding wheel wear to a certain limit (determined by blunt standard) or damage (damage, chipping, burn, plastic deformation) Or the general name of the reel), so that they lose the cutting (grinding ability or can not guarantee the machining accuracy and processing surface integrity, called the tool / grinding wheel failure. Industrial statistics prove that tool failure is the primary factor causing machine downtime, by The downtime caused by it accounts for 1/5-1/3 of the total downtime of NC machine tools. In addition, it can also cause equipment or personal safety accidents, even major accidents.
Sensing technology in automotive automatic control systems. With the application of sensor technology and other new technologies, the modern automotive industry has entered a new era.
The mechatronics of automobiles requires automatic control systems to replace purely mechanical control components, which is not only reflected in the engine, but also improves vehicle performance more comprehensively, increases humanized service functions, reduces fuel consumption, reduces exhaust pollution, and improves driving safety. Reliability, ease of operation and comfort, advanced detection and control technology has been extended to the entire body of the car. In all of its key control systems, various sensors such as crank position sensors, intake and cooling water temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and gas sensors are indispensable.
Third, some problems and development direction of the development of sensor technology in China
Sensor technology is the key link to realize automatic control and automatic adjustment. It is also one of the indispensable key technologies of mechatronics system. Its level affects and determines the function of the system to a large extent. The higher its level, the automation of the system. The higher the degree. In a complete mechatronic system, if the sensing parameters cannot be used to detect and convert the parameters of the controlled object in time and accurately into signals that are easy to transmit and process, we need the system control. The information is not available, and the entire system will not work properly.
The research of sensors in China is mainly concentrated in professional research institutes and universities. It started in the 1980s. Compared with foreign advanced technologies, we still have a big gap, mainly in:
(1) Advanced calculation, simulation and design methods;
(2) Advanced micromachining technology and equipment;
(3) Advanced packaging technology and equipment;
(4) Reliability technology research and other aspects.
Therefore, technical research and the introduction of advanced equipment must be strengthened to improve the overall level. The future direction of sensor technology can be several aspects:
1. Accelerate the development of new sensitive materials: through microelectronics, optoelectronics, biochemistry, information processing and other disciplines, the mutual penetration and comprehensive utilization of various new technologies, it is expected to develop a number of advanced sensors based on new sensitive materials.
2. Development to high precision: Develop new sensors with high sensitivity, high precision, fast response and good interchangeability to ensure the reliability of production automation.
Semiconductor Chip Carrier can be divided into thermo-electric modules, and the power electronic substrates.
Thermo-electric modules are plate-like semiconductor cooling devices that work by using the movement of heat when a current flows through the junction of two different metals. Compact, lightweight, and Freon-free, they are used in climate control seats of automobiles, cooling chillers, optical communications, biotechnology, air conditionners, dryers and a variety of consumer electronic products.
Application of Thermo-electric module Manufacturing Technology for Heat Dissipation and Insulation Substrate
Generally, organic and metal substrates are used in the circuit boards of low-power home appliances and computers.
However, alumina, aluminum nitride and silicon nitride substrates are used in heat radiation insulated substrates of power modules that handle high power.
In particular, silicon nitride substrates are attracting attention for use in power modules of inverters and converters because of the increase in sales of HEVs and EVs.
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