According to reports, Shanghai has started to issue 20,000 pure electric vehicle licenses for free. This is the second local new energy vehicle support policy after Guangzhou.
In August this year, Guangzhou began to implement license plate auctions, opening up a "green channel" for new energy vehicles, and can apply for incremental allocation indicators directly, without being affected by the car's license restriction policy.
This time, Shanghai ’s policy is more preferential, for example, the state ’s purchase subsidy for pure electric vehicles is up to 60,000 yuan, while Shanghai ’s maximum subsidy for pure electric vehicles is 100,000 yuan, plus the current market value of about 60,000 The free license plate of RMB is equivalent to a total subsidy of RMB 220,000.
In addition to Guangzhou and Shanghai, Jilin and other places are also actively formulating policies, and Hefei, Anhui and other provinces and cities have implemented new energy vehicle policies that provide subsidies for individuals.
With the introduction and implementation of new energy vehicle policies nationwide, some related industries will benefit.
New energy vehicles can be divided into hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), methanol vehicles, dimethyl ether vehicles, ethanol vehicles, etc. It is worth noting that methanol vehicles, dimethyl ether vehicles, and ethanol vehicles are similar to traditional gasoline vehicles and diesel vehicles. The energy comes from coal or biomass energy, and the resource dependence is strong. It will not become the mainstream of global new energy vehicles. Therefore, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), pure electric vehicles (BEV), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) based on power battery technology have attracted more attention from new energy electric vehicles.
Electric vehicles will become an important direction for the development of new energy vehicles in China, and lithium-ion batteries are considered to be mainstream batteries for power lithium batteries. Compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries and other secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries have outstanding advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, no memory effect and green environmental protection. Although, the penetration rate of lithium-ion batteries in new energy electric vehicles is relatively low, electric vehicle owners still need to use nickel-metal hydride batteries as a power source. However, due to its memory effect, poor performance at high temperatures, and low charging efficiency, it is difficult to meet the demand for a higher degree of electrification. Most automotive giants have considered using lithium batteries as power batteries for electric vehicles. The German government has set aside 500 million euros to fund the research and development of electric vehicles. Among them, the research and development cost of lithium-ion batteries is 59 million euros. Toyota has previously cooperated with Sanyo Electric in Japan to develop lithium-ion batteries. Honda, GM and other companies have In cooperation with battery manufacturers such as Panasonic and A123, China's BYD Auto is also developing lithium-ion batteries by itself. The lithium-ion battery industry has become a hot field for new energy vehicle competition. Therefore, the future growth of new energy demand will definitely drive the explosive growth of demand for power lithium-ion batteries.
The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries mainly depends on the structure and performance of the electrode materials and electrolyte materials used, especially the choice and quality of electrode materials. Lithium ion batteries are also mainly composed of positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte and separator. The cathode material accounts for about 30-40% of the manufacturing cost of lithium batteries and is the key material that determines the safety, performance, cost and life of lithium ion batteries. At present, the anode materials that have been used in batches in lithium ion batteries mainly include lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, cobalt nickel manganese lithium ternary materials, and lithium iron phosphate. Among them, ternary materials, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate cathode materials with high discharge power, high temperature performance, cycle life, safety and other properties will be considered the most suitable for new energy vehicle power lithium ion battery cathode materials.
This year's "Apple Battery Supply Chain" and "Polymer Battery" expert meeting concluded that ternary materials will become the mainstream of batteries. The meeting pointed out that ternary materials will become the mainstream of batteries, and the goal of 180wh / kg can only be achieved by ternary materials. Lithium iron phosphate has no major breakthrough in short-term technology, profit improvement is unlikely, and price reduction is the trend. Lithium manganate will not work either. Leaf's battery life in the United States is extremely attenuated due to the increase in temperature. The future market must be ternary materials. Therefore, it is foreseeable that future ternary materials will occupy a very important position in the cathode materials of new energy vehicle power lithium-ion batteries.
Cobalt is one of the nine mineral resources in serious shortage in China, and its main use is for battery materials. From the perspective of domestic cobalt consumption structure in 2011, battery materials accounted for 63% of the total consumption. In the production of battery materials, the large amount of cobalt used is mainly lithium ion battery material cathode material lithium cobalt oxide and ternary materials. At present, the most applicable fields of lithium-ion batteries are still in the field of portable devices such as mobile phones and Mobile PC (including notebook computers, tablet computers and ultrabooks). The penetration rate of small lithium-ion batteries in the field of mobile phones and Mobile PC has reached 100%, while the penetration rate of power lithium batteries in the field of new energy vehicles is low. In other words, the consumption of cobalt in the battery field is currently mainly reflected in the field of mobile phones and the field of Mobile PC.
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