Author: "Optics & Laser Europe" technical editor Marie Freebody
Compilation: Optoelectronic News Network Zeng Cong
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are striking the display and lighting of the current Marie Freebody conversation with Stefan Grabowski about the commercialization of this technology.
Profile of the interviewee: Stefan Grabowski works at the Philips Research Laboratory in Germany. His research focuses on physical and OLED devices. Grabowski is also the project manager for the European OLED100.eu project, a European Union-funded R&D cooperation program to develop efficient OLED lighting products for the European lighting industry. The project participants include 14 units in six countries. .
Project Manager of OLED100.eu Engineering, Research Fellow, Philips Research Laboratory Stefan Grabowski
Reporter: Can you explain how OLED works?
Grabowski: OLED is a solid-state lighting device, the principle is similar to its inorganic brother (referred to as LED). A typical OLED consists of two layers of organic material deposited on a transparent substrate. The upper and lower electrodes have a positive electrode and the middle is an electron transport material, which is a bit like a sandwich. One layer is responsible for emitting and transporting electrons from the cathode, and the other layer is responsible for conducting holes from the anode. When a voltage passes through these layers, the electron-hole pairs combine to emit light.
OLED structure
Unlike inorganic light-emitting diodes, the structure of OLEDs is easy to achieve high color gamut patterns or uniform white light, and the layers combined into OLEDs can be precipitated into a large area.
Reporter: Why is OLED R&D so important?
Grabowski: OLED has the potential to be an energy efficient light bulb. As we all know, more than a quarter of the electricity consumption in Europe comes from lighting, so energy-saving alternatives are an important area of ​​research and development. An important goal of the OLED100.eu project is to manufacture OLED products above 100 lm/W.
When high-efficiency OLEDs can be mass-produced, the cost will drop and they can be used in a variety of lighting applications. OLEDs offer users new options, which are flat and can be made large. They are very thin and can be made transparent or curved. The brightness and color of the OLED are adjustable, and new decorative lights can be designed to personalize the living environment.
Reporter: What is the main application of OLED? When will it be achieved?
Grabowski: There are two main application areas: display and lighting. Small OLED displays have been widely used on mobile devices such as cell phones, mp3s and personal electronic assistants. Large screens are also gradually entering the market, such as Sony released a 27-inch OLED TV, plans to push to the market in 2009
OLED lighting has completely different characteristics. These OLEDs are not composed of small pixels, but a large emission area, so the efficiency of such components must be high. The first OLED lighting appeared in some special applications, but more specific products will appear in the near future.
Our goal is to mount on a wall or ceiling so that we can get a large launch area. Transparent OLEDs can be mounted on windows, letting the sun pass during the day and glow at night, which is a wonderful thing.
Reporter: How do you predict the penetration of OLEDs into the market?
Grabowski: OLED lighting is on the eve of commercialization. In Germany, Ingo Maurer has an OLED lamp, which is designed by Osram. Philips offers solutions for different OLED shapes and colors with plug-and-play functionality. There is no mass production yet, but it shows that OLED is ready to enter the market. This technology is advancing and there will be more applications in the future, from home lighting to office lighting, from lighting to design-oriented lighting.
Reporter: What is the biggest progress in recent times? What are the biggest obstacles?
Grabowski: White OLEDs are increasingly efficient and can compete with compact fluorescent lamps. The lifetime of OLEDs has also grown to more than 10,000 hours and is already the most attractive option for some special applications.
However, for conventional lighting, the efficiency and lifetime of the OLED still need to be greatly improved, and the size of the illuminating area still needs to be expanded, so that its advantages can be fully utilized. Therefore, the production process and device structure need to enhance the uniformity and high stability of the voltage over the entire area. From a commercial perspective, large-scale production equipment and processes must be further developed and installed.
Reporter: What will be the future breakthrough?
Grabowski: It's hard to predict that the OLED100.eu project aims to make OLEDs more than 100 lm/W, with a lifetime of more than 100,000 hours and a size of 100 × 100 cm. We expect blue high-efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs to improve in life.
Introduction to the "OLED100.eu" program
In October 2008, a team of experts led by industry leaders and colleges conducted a comprehensive research project, OLED100.eu. The goal of the project is to accelerate the development of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology in Europe. The technology used in high-efficiency OLEDs in general lighting is based on the EU's Seventh Framework Agreement, which provides 12.5 million euros ($16.5 million) in research funding for the research project.
The "OLED100.eu" project started in 2004 and was completed at the beginning of this year. It successfully carried out research on OLED in lighting applications, making the white light OLED luminous efficiency of 50.7 lm/W at an initial brightness of 1000 cd/m2, (see the detailed report of this site) ) The lifetime is over 10,000 hours, which establishes the basis of organic lighting.
After the “OLED100.eu†project, the EU continues to invest in the development of necessary specifications for organic lighting technology and general lighting, and will focus on five major objectives:
1. High luminous efficiency - 100 lm / W;
2. Long life - 100,000 hours
3. Large area - 100x100 cm2
4. Low cost - 100 Euro / m2
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