Tell us about the basics of [CMOS Linear Adjuster], which will be divided into several parts to explain!
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The history of CMOS linear regulators is not long, and it has developed along with the growth of portable electronic devices. As CMOS technology is applied to large-scale integrated circuits such as LSIs and memories, it is becoming more and more sophisticated. With the application of micro-refining technology, CMOS linear regulators have achieved small size, low dropout voltage, and low current consumption, and have been widely used as power ICs for portable electronic instruments.
Difference with Bipolar Linear Regulator
Usually CMOS linear regulators consume less current than bipolar linear regulators. This is because the bipolar process is a current-driven component and the CMOS process is a voltage-driven component. (figure 1)
(Figure 1) Current-Driven Device and Voltage-Driven Device
In particular, when a linear regulator or the like is not required to operate at a clock frequency, the operating current of a circuit other than the analog circuit can be suppressed to zero, which is suitable for a circuit having a low current consumption requirement.
There are universal 78 series three-terminal regulators in the bipolar linear regulator. The input voltage range is as high as 30V to 40V, and it can also provide a large current of 1A or more, so it is mostly used in white goods or production machinery. Because the output terminal is an NPN Darlington output structure, there is no low saturation state. Table 1 describes some of the main features of the 78 series as a representative product of a bipolar linear regulator.
Table 1 The Major Characteristics of Multipurpose 78 series Regulators
The production process of the bipolar linear regulator process is small, and only one-half to two-thirds of the number of production processes of the CMOS process, even if the chip size is large, has the advantage of low cost. Therefore, it can be considered that it is most suitable for high current and high voltage resistance. On the contrary, the miniaturization of the CMOS process continues to advance, featuring low voltage, constant saturation, small size, and low current consumption.
Where CMOS is Applied
In particular, CMOS linear regulators make full use of their low dropout voltage and low-consumption characteristics, and are active in portable electronic devices using batteries. In addition, an extremely low saturation regulator is called LDO (Low Dropout Linear Regulator). Because the LDO can run out of batteries and extend battery life, it is a power IC necessary for mobile phones, digital cameras, and personal computers. In addition, the LDO can provide large current with a small input/output voltage difference, which can both suppress the heat loss and can flow large current, which is conducive to extending the range of current required by the instrument.
The low current consumption type regulator has a product that can suppress its own consumption current to approximately 1 μA, and the capability map reduces the current consumption when the electronic device waits for a standby state such as an electronic device or a wireless device such as a mobile phone. Because of the use of the miniaturization technology of the CMOS process, it has a high utility value in the demand for a portable electronic device having a small size and high voltage accuracy.
Exterior
Standard products are housed in small SOT-23 or SOT-89 packages. Recently, products such as the ultra-compact package USP have also been introduced, which are characterized in that many of the power supply ICs developed by the portable devices are small packages encapsulated in surface mount devices. Photo 1 shows a representative package.
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