I. Preface
This is the fourth in a series of articles. The first three through-doors are as follows:
Part I: Selection of Home NAS Solutions and HP GEN8 Unpacking
Part II: GEN8 hardware transformation
Part 3: HP GEN8 ILO Remote Management and BIOS Setup
Part IV: WIN2012 installation and storage pool debugging and repair
The next plan to write DSphoto and DSvideo application settings + NFS hard disk mount program (I know dragged for a long time).
Closer to home, in the previous post I described in detail the use of HP's IP tools to install WIN2012, and a simple analysis of the storage pool debugging and repair methods. Now review the system platform, data storage, and access plan:
1, the system platform: WIN2012 under the virtual machine Hyper V + group Hui 5.2.
2. Data storage: photos and home videos are stored in the mirror disk of the WIN system storage pool management; movie and remote download files are stored in the virtual hard disk files created in Synology storage space and passed to Synology's physical hard disks and virtual machines. .
3. Data Management: Synology 5.2 manages photos and home videos through the NFS mounted WIN shared directory, managing movies and remotely downloading files through its own storage space.
Second, the virtual machine Hyper_V settings
(a) Add Hyper_v service.
Open the Server Manager → Add Roles and Features, check Hyper-V, all the way to NEXT on the line.
(B) new virtual machine
1, specify the name and location
Open the Hyper-V Manager and click New VM. If you want to use the VM checkpoint function (previously called a snapshot to capture the status, data, and hardware configuration of the running VM), you must set the VM storage location. .
2, select the virtual machine algebra
Hyper-V has the first and second generations. The two most important differences are: the first generation is the BIOS boot mode, and the second generation is the pure UEFI boot mode. Below is a list of comparisons found online.
Blackgroup is booted from the ISO image file in the Hyper-V virtual machine, which is booted by the BIOS. Therefore, the first generation is selected.
3, allocate memory
Bai Qunhui physical memory configuration is generally low, low-end 512MB, high-end 4GB. In actual use, Blackmax's maximum memory request is less than 2GB, so I allocated 2GB of memory to the Synology virtual machine.
4, configure the network
I directly select the default NIC virtual switch for the WIN system. I think some netizens set up internal virtual switches and external network cards. I only use a virtual switch and I did not do anything special. As to whether this setting has an impact on the file transfer speed, it has not been tested yet. Experienced users can point to it.
5, connect the virtual hard disk
There are three ways:
(1) Create a virtual hard disk. You can create a dynamically expanding virtual hard disk directly, regardless of whether there is enough space on the hard disk, a virtual hard disk that is somewhat similar to a storage pool. I have set up a 1TB virtual hard disk. After initializing, only 4MB of space is used. As the data volume increases, the virtual hard disk dynamically increases.
(2) Use an existing virtual hard disk. You can use other virtual hard disk files that have been used by Black Cluster. Synology can automatically recognize and read the files inside (it only tested the same version). Or you can load virtual hard disks used by other systems, but Synology does not recognize the need for formatting.
(3) Attach a virtual hard disk later. You can add a virtual hard disk (including a virtual hard disk file or a physical hard disk) at any time in the virtual machine settings. For IDE controllers, hard disks can be added and removed only when the virtual machine is down. For SCSI controllers, hard disks can be added and removed at any time when the virtual machine is powered on (equivalent to hot swap), and Synology can immediately recognize The new hard drive is very convenient.
(c) Start the virtual machine
After the virtual machine is created, we try to start the virtual machine. Because there is only one hard disk that does not have a system installed in the virtual machine, the following prompts are displayed. This is the same as the screen that fails to boot on normal PCs that we have not installed and that do not have a bootable CD.
Third, the group Hui 5.2 installation
(a) Select group version
Before installing Synology, I will first introduce why we should choose Synology 5.2. There are two main reasons:
1, Synology 6.0 or later version does not have Hyper-V virtual machine network card driver, after installation, there will be no problem with the server. From some NAS forums, there are big gods have installed version 6.0, but there are a lot of small problems, 6.1 have not seen a successful installation (bare metal installation does not have this problem). Hope that the gods will issue the corresponding ISO startup documents as soon as possible.
2. First, I emphasize that my important data is stored on the hard disk managed by the storage pool under the WIN system. The group is accessed through the NFS mounted shared directory. The two most important media applications for Synology are Photo Station and Video Station, which manage photos and movie files separately (DS photo can also watch video, I will tell you the difference later). These two applications will generate the corresponding media file index when managing the media files. With the index, you can see photos and movies on web pages, mobile phones, or IPAD clients. Otherwise, they cannot be accessed. However, Synology 6.0 or later does not support the generation of media file indexes in the NFS directory. If you want to use NFS mounts to access media files, use only 5.2 or lower. There are children's shoes may ask why not use simpler SMB file sharing? Synology's file manager comes with the function of loading remote folders, that is, connecting SMB/CIFS protocol to WIN system SMB shared directory. Unfortunately, Synology's Photo Station and Video Station also do not support the generation of media file indexes in the SMB directory.
(B) Synology 5.2 Installation Preparation Documents
Ø Based on the DS3615xs version of the 5.2-5967.1 ISO boot file, please search on the Internet. The file name is XPEnoboot_DS3615xs_5.2-5967.1.iso.
Ø PAT installation file based on version 5.26-5967.1 of DS3615xs, official download address
Ø The LAN installation tool Synology Assistant can install DSM for DiskStation, set up WOL, set up the printer, and monitor the resources of Synology DiskStation. Official download address
Ø UltraISO CD image file editor, official download address
(III) System Installation
The system installation method that I introduced, whether before installation or after installation, is started with the same ISO file. There are methods that can be started directly from the hard disk after installation. This is not introduced here. I think the way to start from the ISO file is more flexible and you can replace the virtual hard disk file at any time.
1. Load the ISO image file to boot the system.
Load the downloaded ISO startup file in the virtual machine. Open the "Media → DVD drive → insert the disk" (Please mount the ISO file in a directory on the server, each time you restart the Synology virtual machine must use this file)
Select the downloaded ISO startup file.
After opening the ISO file, the system starts to launch, and the DSM5.2 installation menu appears. Select the first carriage return directly.
Until DiskStation login appears: The screen indicates that startup has completed.
2. Use the Synology Assistant tool to install the system.
Install and start the Synology Assistant software on the VM host WIN server or on a PC on the same LAN (same IP address segment) as the server. You can find the DiskStation server on the same LAN.
Select the server, right-click menu to select Install.
Select the downloaded PAT file.
If you don't want Synology to create an SHR type storage space, please do not check it. You can configure it after installation. I will introduce Synology centralized storage space type later. Please keep in mind the administrator password.
Please select a fixed IP to prevent IP changes.
After about 10 minutes, the system was installed.
(four) system settings
1, login system
Enter http://192.168.1.76 in the browser (the IP address has been set in the previous steps), the system will automatically jump to http://192.168.1.76:5000/webman/index.cgi page, 5000 is the default management port of DSM .
2, DSM update settings
After login, it automatically enters the DSM update setting interface. Be careful not to select the first item: Automatically install the latest version. Because it is Blackgroup, upgrading to a version higher than 6.0 will cause the system to fail to start. The second item: Automatically install important updates, mainly installing system security patches. After my test, the security patch will not affect the system startup. At present, my system has been upgraded to DSM5.2-Update5 version. Item 3: Download DSM Update, but let me choose whether to install it. This option is the most secure way for administrators to decide whether to upgrade. Let's choose this one first. Security patches can be manually upgraded.
Go to the Control Panel → Restore and Update screen, and see that there are already 6.0 upgrade packages. Do not manually update them.
Click Update Settings, select "Only important updates", the system will only automatically download important patch files to avoid false upgrades.
3, check the storage status
Go to Main Menu → Storage Space Administrator Interface
There is no storage space in the system. The number of unused hard disks is 1 (the type of storage space is not initialized during installation).
Entering the HDD/SSD interface, you can see that there is a 1TB virtual hard disk, which is consistent with the capacity of the virtual hard disk previously set in the virtual machine. There are children's shoes to ask me how to add capacity, I'm sorry to have set a good capacity of the virtual hard disk can not add capacity (even if the virtual machine in the virtual hard disk capacity is increased, Synology can not identify), can only increase the hard disk or replace the hard disk Ways to increase capacity. This will be detailed later.
Let's take a look at the change in the capacity of the virtual hard disk on the host physical machine. After installing the Synology system, it automatically expands from 4MB to 1.34GB.
4, set the storage space
Enter the storage interface and click Add
There are two modes to choose from, SHR and custom. The first popular science SHR (data from the network): SHR is an acronym for Synology Hybrid RAID, is a RAID mode developed by Synology itself; when there is only one hard disk in the NAS, the mode of the disk array is Basic, no data protection . When it is added as a hard disk, the disk array mode is automatically converted to a similar RAID1 mode, the space size is unchanged, but there is more data protection. When you add a hard disk, it will be automatically converted to a RAID 5 mode (if your NAS can put 3 or more hard disks), the total capacity of N-1 hard disks, if 3 3T hard disks, this time The total space capacity of SHR is (3-1) * 3T is a space of 6T, and it can be hard to add hard disk data later. The SHR mode does not limit the size of the hard disk. For example, you can use a 1TB, 2TB, and 3TB hard disk to form a similar RAID5 mode. The system automatically allocates the maximum space based on data protection. Looks like it is very complicated, simply say SHR is a smart RAID mode, will automatically select the data protection mode based on the number of hard drives.
Custom options for users with a deep understanding of RAID, you can choose the type of data protection: SHR/RAID1/5/6/10, or no data protection type: Basic/JBOD/RAID0 (Several RAID modes no longer differ Repeatedly, please yourself Baidu). Since there is currently only one hard disk, you can only select SHR or Basic (equivalent to single-disk RAID 0). Other options are gray and not selectable. My group's storage space mainly stores unimportant download movie files. It needs space to be maximized, so I chose Basic mode.
The next step is the hard disk check, which is equivalent to scanning hard disk bad sectors under the WIN system. It takes a long time. If it is a new disk, it can be skipped.
The next step is to configure the storage space capacity. If there is no special requirement, it is best to give all the storage capacity to the storage space. I have configured 10GB for storage space 1 here.
After initialization, we look at the disk group and storage space information: The original 1TB virtual hard disk divided 10GB space to storage space 1. In fact, the virtual hard disk file size on the host's physical hard disk is only 1.91GB. As the data volume increases, the hard disk The file will automatically expand.
(five) suite installation
Entering the suite center, you can choose the kit you need to install, very convenient. All the kits recommended by Synology are using more software. Everyone can try it at will. In the next article, I will introduce in detail the application of Photo Station and Video Station Suite and corresponding APP.
Fourth, group Hui storage space expansion
(I) Expansion method
When creating Synology Virtual Hard Disk, the capacity cannot be changed once it is set (even if the virtual hard disk capacity is increased in the virtual machine, Synology cannot recognize it), so the capacity should be set as large as possible (it can be larger than the physical hard disk capacity, with the data Volume growth dynamically expands, and physical disks have no space to copy to larger hard disks. Therefore, the storage space expansion mainly includes the following methods:
1, increase the hard disk, this is the easiest way, provided you have enough disk.
2. For storage space without data protection mode: insert a new hard disk, create Synology virtual hard disk, and then copy the data on the small hard disk to the large hard disk, and finally delete the small hard disk.
3. For storage space with data protection mode: first pull out an old hard disk, the system prompts the storage space to degrade, insert a new hard disk to repair the data, and then pull out another old hard disk, repeat the above steps (inexperienced children's shoes please Do not try it casually, there is a risk).
4. Mount the shared directory under the WIN system through NFS or SMB. This is actually not a real expansion, but it is very flexible.
(II) Expanding actual combat (taking the SHR model as an example)
1. Add 10 GB virtual hard disks managed by two SCSI controllers to Synology in the virtual machine. Synology immediately recognizes the new hard disks.
2. Create a storage space of type SHR with two 10GB hard disks2. The system indicates that the available space is 5.39GB. According to the principle, two hard disks should be similar to RAID1, and the capacity should be about 10GB. I do not know why you are so small. Please have experienced children's shoes.
3. After the creation is completed, check the information of storage space 2. The type is SHR mode and fault-tolerant protection is provided.
4. Delete one hard disk in storage space 2 (equivalent to pulling out the hard disk) in the virtual machine settings. The system prompts that storage space 2 is degraded and needs to be repaired.
5. Add a SCSI type 20GB hard disk in the virtual machine settings, and then repair storage space 2.
6, the system prompts the repair, the length of repair depends on the size of the data to determine.
7. After the repair is completed, storage space 2 becomes normal.
8. Repeat the above steps to replace the second 10GB hard disk with a 20GB hard disk. After the completion, the storage space 2 capacity is expanded from 5.18GB to 15.01GB (again, 5GB less).
Five, black group Hui is not worth washing white
(A) comparison before and after washing
1. The significance of blackwashing whitewash, online there are two main points:
(1) The Quick Connect function can be enabled so that intranet users (that is, no public IP address) can connect to the group remotely, which is equivalent to the intranet penetration function.
(2) The video transcoding function can be enabled. Video transcoding has two roles. First, it can convert high-rate movies into low-rate movies in real time. For example, the client bandwidth is low, the high bit rate video looks at the card, you can choose to watch at a low bit rate, and the second is to convert the encoding format of the video file to a format that the client can support. For example, the IPAD device comes with a player supporting only the MP4 format. , Transcoding functions can be used to watch other formats such as MKV.
2. For the above statement, I deeply disapproved and refuted one by one:
(1) The Quick Connect function is the intranet penetration of Synology's version (Is it Penetration inside the network? Please see my previous "Peanut Shell Penetration Plug-in", which provides a detailed introduction to intranet penetration. ). The penetration of the intranet will consume a large amount of server resources and bandwidth resources of Synology's website, so the resources provided by Synology Free are limited, especially the bandwidth resources allocated to each ID are few. Remote access to the home server in Synology with the Quick Connect feature makes viewing photos and movies very slow and unwieldy. The correct way is to enable DDNS, provided that you must have a public network IP.
(2) Through testing, my newly installed BlackSeal 5.2 can be transcoded normally without whitewashing (it hasn't been tested above 6.0). Please correct the children's shoes under what circumstances can not be transcoded.
Therefore, my point of view is that since it is black group Hui, do not take up the resources of Bai Qunhui, and do not recommend whitewashing (in fact, no whitewashing). Of course, some children's shoes have obsessive-compulsive disorder.
(II) Analysis of Black Group's Whitewashing Principle
Only the principle of whitewashing is discussed here, and the process will not be described in detail. When registering the Quick Connect function, the Synology website will detect the MAC address and SN serial number of Synology Server. If the two accord with the internal rules of Synology, they will register, otherwise they will fail. Whitewashing is to calculate a pair of new MAC address and SN serial number through the counter, and replace the corresponding parameters of the isolinux.cfg file in the boot ISO image file (ISO file can be edited by UltraISO software) to achieve the function of defrauding the group website. In fact, there are many ways in which Huihui wants to block. I think it is intentionally left to give everyone the enjoyment of the Quick Connect function. The ultimate goal is to switch to Bai Qunhui.
Sixth, summary
1, Hyper V virtual machine settings are relatively simple and flexible. During the test, I was unable to directly use the USB device to the Black Group. The USB hard disks I saw in the system were ordinary hard disks. I could not recognize the existing partition format to read the files. Please refer to the experienced shoes.
2. The special SHR storage space mode of GroupShui has high flexibility. According to the number of hard disks, it can automatically select the best data protection mode, but the performance is reduced. It is suitable for novices who have no experience or do not want to toss.
3. When creating Synology VHD, the capacity should be set as large as possible (it can be larger than the physical hard disk capacity, and dynamic expansion with the increase of data volume, physical disk has no space for copying to a larger hard disk). Once it is set, it cannot be changed. Capacity expansion can be achieved by adding hard disks, replacing hard disks, or copying data to large hard disks.
4, Synology's Quick Connect function to meet the children's shoes without public IP remote access to the home of the server at any time and anywhere, but the speed and experience is not good, do not recommend black shout Hui, the correct way is to require operators to provide public Network IP and use DDNS remote access.
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