The State Council executive meeting recently reviewed and approved in principle the nuclear safety comprehensive inspection report and the Nuclear Safety Plan, and agreed to publish and solicit opinions from the society.
It is understood that after the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, from March to December 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (National Nuclear Safety Administration) organized a national civil nuclear facility with the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Energy Administration and the China Earthquake Administration. Comprehensive safety inspection, and research and preparation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Nuclear Safety and Radioactive Pollution Prevention and Control and Vision 2020" (referred to as "Nuclear Safety Planning"). The “Nuclear Safety Plan†was approved and was regarded by the industry as an important opportunity for the new round of nuclear power development in China.
For more than half a century, China’s nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization has developed steadily, and a relatively complete nuclear industry system has been formed. Nuclear energy plays an important role in optimizing energy structure, ensuring energy security, promoting pollution reduction and coping with climate change. Nuclear technology has been widely used in industries, agriculture, national defense, medical and scientific research, which has effectively promoted economic and social development. .
At present, is the operation of China's nuclear power facilities safe? How about the future development of China's nuclear power industry? To this end, the reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the National Nuclear Safety Administration and thoroughly interpret the nuclear safety inspection report and the “nuclear safety planâ€.
China's nuclear safety is guaranteed
The comprehensive safety inspection of the national nuclear power unit shows that China’s nuclear facilities are under risk and safe.
Nuclear safety is the lifeline of the development of nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization.
At present, there are 15 nuclear power units in operation in China, one of which is a 300,000-kilowatt-scale pressurized water reactor type of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant located in Qinshan Nuclear Power Base of Zhejiang Province, and 4 sets of Qinshan Second Nuclear Power Plant are based on the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant. Designed and built 600,000 kilowatts pressurized water reactor type unit, Qinshan third nuclear power plant 2 sets of 700,000 kilowatt heavy water reactor type imported from Canada; 2 sets of Daya Bay nuclear power plant located in Guangdong Daya Bay nuclear power base imported from France The kilowatt-class pressurized water reactor type unit, the Lingao nuclear power plant 4 units improved on the Daya Bay nuclear power plant; the Jiangsu Tianwan nuclear power plant 2 units imported from Russia and the 1 million kilowatt-class pressurized water reactor type unit.
In addition, there are 26 nuclear power units under construction in China, which are located in Sanmen, Zhejiang, Haiyang, Shandong, Taishan, Guangdong, Hongyan River, Liaoning Fangjiashan, Fujian Ningde and Fuqing, Guangdong Yangjiang, Guangxi Fangchenggang, and Hainan Changjiang.
The nuclear safety inspection, which began in March last year, lasted for 9 months, and carried out comprehensive safety inspections on 41 operating, nuclear power plants under construction, three nuclear power plants to be built, and various civil research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities.
The overall conclusion of the safety inspection is that China's nuclear safety standards fully adopt the safety standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the nuclear safety regulations and standards system are in line with international standards. Civil nuclear facilities have fully demonstrated external events such as earthquakes and floods in the site selection. Nuclear power plants have been effectively managed in all aspects of design, manufacturing, construction, commissioning and operation, and the overall quality is controlled.
The relevant person in charge of the National Nuclear Safety Administration said that the content and depth of the nuclear safety inspection were basically consistent with the inspections carried out by the international community after the Fukushima nuclear accident. In general, the safety of nuclear facilities in China is guaranteed. Due to the different conditions of the site of the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, the possibility of a nuclear accident similar to the Fukushima nuclear accident in China is extremely low. However, there are still some weak links in China’s nuclear facilities in response to extreme natural disasters similar to the Fukushima nuclear accident. In this regard, the Ministry of Environmental Protection (National Nuclear Safety Administration) and the National Energy Administration have formulated short, medium and long-term plans to require and supervise the civil nuclear facilities to complete the corresponding improvement work on schedule.
The person in charge said that the 15 nuclear power units put into operation in China have not had any operational events of the International Nuclear Event Classification (INES) level 2 and above, and there have been no incidents of pollution and harm to personnel or the environment. According to the main performance indicators of the World Nuclear Operators Organization (WANO), China's nuclear power units are generally at a good international level, and some units have reached the international advanced level. For example, two units of the Qinshan Third Nuclear Power Plant have been ranked first in the WANO rankings for many consecutive times, reaching the international advanced level for six consecutive years.
"Twelfth Five-Year" nuclear power key investment of 79.8 billion yuan
It will be used for key projects such as nuclear safety improvement engineering, science and technology research and development innovation engineering, and accident emergency protection engineering.
China's "Nuclear Safety Plan" clarifies the long-term goal for 2020: the safety level of nuclear facilities under operation and under construction continues to improve. The new nuclear power units in the "13th Five-Year Plan" and beyond will strive to achieve the practical elimination of the release of large quantities of radioactive materials. By 2020, nuclear power safety will maintain the international advanced level, the level of nuclear safety and radioactive pollution prevention and control will be comprehensively improved, and the quality of radiation environment will remain good. This also means that, at least until 2020, China will continue to develop nuclear power.
The relevant person in charge of the National Nuclear Safety Administration said that all stages of China's nuclear power plants are under the strict supervision of the National Nuclear Safety Administration, including preparations for nuclear power plants, selection of nuclear power plants, construction of nuclear power plants, first loading of nuclear power plants, and operation of nuclear power plants. . At the same time, the design of important safety structures, systems and equipment for nuclear power plants must be reviewed by the National Nuclear Safety Administration and independently verified. Only after confirming that the relevant laws and regulations are met, the National Nuclear Safety Administration will issue the corresponding administrative license.
The “Nuclear Safety Plan†delineated the investment demand for key projects during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period of approximately 79.8 billion yuan. These funds will be used for key projects such as nuclear safety improvement projects, radioactive pollution control projects, scientific and technological research and development innovation projects, and accident emergency support projects.
According to the "nuclear safety planning" requirements, "1025" period, in the accident defense, China will complete the construction and operation of nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear fuel cycle facility safety improvement, improve nuclear facilities to withstand external events, prevention and mitigation severe accident capability; in terms of pollution control, China will build the nuclear industry development level of advanced and efficient radioactive pollution control and waste disposal systems, the basic completion and supporting the development of the nuclear industry, the low-level radioactive waste disposal site.
It should be emphasized that the "Nuclear safety plan" put forward, China will further clarify the Nuclear Power Corporation, owners of the company, specialized companies in the nuclear security responsibility; to promote the establishment of nuclear research Nuclear Power Group Compensation Fund, nuclear facility operators nuclear unit purchase third-party liability insurance and many more.
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