1. Generation of atomic absorption spectroscopy
It is well known that the atoms of any element are composed of nuclei and electrons moving around the nucleus. The electrons outside the nucleus are layered according to the level of their energy to form different energy levels. Therefore, a nucleus can have multiple energy levels. The lowest energy level is called the ground state level (E0 = 0), the other energy level is called the excited state level, and the lowest excited state is called the first excited state. Under normal conditions, the atoms are in the ground state, and the extranuclear electrons move in the orbit with the lowest energy. If a certain external energy, such as light energy, is supplied to the ground state atom, when the external light energy E is exactly the energy level difference between the ground state and a higher energy level in the ground state atom, the atom will absorb the characteristic wavelength. The light, the outer electrons transition from the ground state to the corresponding excited state, and produce an atomic absorption spectrum. After the electron transition to the higher energy level, it is in an excited state, but the excited state electron is unstable. After about 10-8 seconds, the excited state electron will return to the ground state or other lower energy level, and the energy absorbed by the electron transition. Released in the form of light, this process is called atomic emission spectroscopy. It can be seen that the atomic absorption spectroscopy process absorbs radiant energy, while the atomic emission spectroscopy process releases radiant energy. The line absorbed by the extranuclear electrons from the ground state to the first excited state is called the resonance absorption line, which is called the resonance line. The line emitted when electrons return to the ground state from the first excited state is referred to as the first resonant emission line. Since the difference in energy level between the ground state and the first excited state is the smallest, the probability of electronic transition is the largest, so the resonance absorption line is most likely to occur. For most elements, it is the most sensitive of all absorption lines. In atomic absorption spectroscopy, the resonance line is usually used as the absorption line.
2. Principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy
The wavelength region of the atomic absorption spectrometry is in the near ultraviolet region. The analysis principle is that the characteristic spectrum of the element to be tested radiated by the light source is absorbed by the ground state atom of the element to be tested in the vapor of the sample, and the emission spectrum is weakened, thereby obtaining the content of the element to be tested in the sample, which is consistent with Langper-Beer law
A= -lg I/I o= -lgT = KCL
Where I is the transmitted light intensity, I0 is the emitted light intensity, T is the transmittance, and L is the light passing through the atomizer optical path since L is a constant value so A = KC.
Use of atomic absorption spectrometer
After the introduction of atomic absorption spectrometers in electronic computer technology, instruments with better performance are generally controlled by microcomputers, but the methods are not consistent due to the different models of the instruments. Taking the Solaar-929 atomic absorption spectrometer produced by ATIUNICAM in the United States as an example, the method of using an atomic absorption spectrometer is used.
1. Turn on the host computer, enter the Windows window, select the Solaar-929 cursor to press twice, enter this page, enter the Lamp in the Spectmeter, set the required lamp and lamp current, enter the element, select Elements of analysis.
2. Turn on the light, then set the light path to the Setup optics in the Action, enter the System, choose whether to use the flame or the graphite furnace.
3. Enter the Calibration parameter.
4. If a graphite furnace is used, the furnace program and the automata parameters are required.
5. Enter the Sequence input program.
6. Ignition, optimize gas flow, impact ball and flame head position.
7. The graphite furnace is optimized for burner position and autosampler position.
8. Select Analyse in the Action for analysis.
9. After the analysis is completed, select Save to save the file and print the result.
10. Exit Windows, shut down, shut off, and turn off water.
It is well known that the atoms of any element are composed of nuclei and electrons moving around the nucleus. The electrons outside the nucleus are layered according to the level of their energy to form different energy levels. Therefore, a nucleus can have multiple energy levels. The lowest energy level is called the ground state level (E0 = 0), the other energy level is called the excited state level, and the lowest excited state is called the first excited state. Under normal conditions, the atoms are in the ground state, and the extranuclear electrons move in the orbit with the lowest energy. If a certain external energy, such as light energy, is supplied to the ground state atom, when the external light energy E is exactly the energy level difference between the ground state and a higher energy level in the ground state atom, the atom will absorb the characteristic wavelength. The light, the outer electrons transition from the ground state to the corresponding excited state, and produce an atomic absorption spectrum. After the electron transition to the higher energy level, it is in an excited state, but the excited state electron is unstable. After about 10-8 seconds, the excited state electron will return to the ground state or other lower energy level, and the energy absorbed by the electron transition. Released in the form of light, this process is called atomic emission spectroscopy. It can be seen that the atomic absorption spectroscopy process absorbs radiant energy, while the atomic emission spectroscopy process releases radiant energy. The line absorbed by the extranuclear electrons from the ground state to the first excited state is called the resonance absorption line, which is called the resonance line. The line emitted when electrons return to the ground state from the first excited state is referred to as the first resonant emission line. Since the difference in energy level between the ground state and the first excited state is the smallest, the probability of electronic transition is the largest, so the resonance absorption line is most likely to occur. For most elements, it is the most sensitive of all absorption lines. In atomic absorption spectroscopy, the resonance line is usually used as the absorption line.
2. Principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy
The wavelength region of the atomic absorption spectrometry is in the near ultraviolet region. The analysis principle is that the characteristic spectrum of the element to be tested radiated by the light source is absorbed by the ground state atom of the element to be tested in the vapor of the sample, and the emission spectrum is weakened, thereby obtaining the content of the element to be tested in the sample, which is consistent with Langper-Beer law
A= -lg I/I o= -lgT = KCL
Where I is the transmitted light intensity, I0 is the emitted light intensity, T is the transmittance, and L is the light passing through the atomizer optical path since L is a constant value so A = KC.
Use of atomic absorption spectrometer
After the introduction of atomic absorption spectrometers in electronic computer technology, instruments with better performance are generally controlled by microcomputers, but the methods are not consistent due to the different models of the instruments. Taking the Solaar-929 atomic absorption spectrometer produced by ATIUNICAM in the United States as an example, the method of using an atomic absorption spectrometer is used.
1. Turn on the host computer, enter the Windows window, select the Solaar-929 cursor to press twice, enter this page, enter the Lamp in the Spectmeter, set the required lamp and lamp current, enter the element, select Elements of analysis.
2. Turn on the light, then set the light path to the Setup optics in the Action, enter the System, choose whether to use the flame or the graphite furnace.
3. Enter the Calibration parameter.
4. If a graphite furnace is used, the furnace program and the automata parameters are required.
5. Enter the Sequence input program.
6. Ignition, optimize gas flow, impact ball and flame head position.
7. The graphite furnace is optimized for burner position and autosampler position.
8. Select Analyse in the Action for analysis.
9. After the analysis is completed, select Save to save the file and print the result.
10. Exit Windows, shut down, shut off, and turn off water.
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